Jun Wang , Qibin Xu

Animal Science Research Center, Cuixi Academy of Biotechnology, Zhuji, 311800, Zhejiang, China
Author    Correspondence author
International Journal of Molecular Ecology and Conservation, 2025, Vol. 15, No. 1   
Received: 05 Jan., 2025    Accepted: 12 Feb., 2025    Published: 24 Feb., 2025

This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) represent one of the most widely domesticated and distributed livestock species globally, offering a unique model for exploring population genomics and adaptive evolution. In this study, we investigated the global genomic diversity and environmental adaptation of chickens by analyzing whole-genome resequencing data and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays across diverse geographic populations. We characterized regional genomic structures, examined the impact of artificial selection, and highlighted the role of indigenous breeds in shaping genetic landscapes. Specific adaptation signatures were identified in populations exposed to high altitudes, extreme temperatures, and pathogen pressures, revealing key loci associated with physiological resilience and immune function. Methodologically, we employed population structure analyses, phylogenetic reconstruction, selection scans, and functional annotation to uncover evolutionary trajectories. A focused case study on East African chickens demonstrated context-specific adaptations driven by unique environmental and cultural factors. Our findings underscore the underrepresentation of certain populations in genomic surveys and emphasize the importance of integrating genomics with ecological and phenotypic data. This study not only advances our understanding of chicken evolution and adaptation but also provides genomic insights that can inform sustainable breeding, conservation efforts, and global food security strategies.

Chicken population genomics; Genetic diversity; Environmental adaptation; Selection scans; Sustainable breeding