Chunxiang Ma

Modern Agricultural Research Center, Cuixi Academy of Biotechnology, Zhuji, 311800, China
Author    Correspondence author
GMO Biosafety Research, 2024, Vol. 15, No. 5   
Received: 10 Aug., 2024    Accepted: 22 Sep., 2024    Published: 09 Oct., 2024

This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

This study reviews the development of wheat transformation technologies, tracing their progress from early explorations in tissue culture and gene delivery to the current optimization and application of mainstream methods such as Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, particle bombardment, and CRISPR-based gene editing. It summarizes key achievements in the fields of disease resistance, abiotic stress tolerance, and nutritional quality enhancement. The research highlights that wheat’s complex hexaploid genome and relatively low transformation efficiency have long limited advances in functional gene research and molecular breeding. Presently, wheat transformation still faces major challenges, including strong genotype dependency, insufficient transformation stability, and limited public acceptance. With the rapid advancement of modern biotechnology, significant breakthroughs have been made in wheat transformation. Future development is expected to focus on genotype-independent transformation systems, high-throughput automation, and precision gene editing, while also addressing societal acceptance and biosafety concerns. This study provides important references for advancing functional genomics, precision breeding, and industrial applications of wheat.

Wheat; Genetic transformation; Agrobacterium-mediated transformation; Gene editing; Genotype-independent transformation system